Energy storage batteries mainly refer to batteries used in solar power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment and renewable energy storage energy. A common energy storage battery is a lead-acid battery (a lithium-ion energy storage battery with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material is being gradually developed). At present, the development of electrochemical energy storage in my country is relatively rapid. Lithium batteries are the mainstay in China, and the development is relatively mature. Its cumulative installed capacity accounts for more than two-thirds of the total installed capacity of my country's electrochemical energy storage market. The growth rate in the fields of frequency regulation auxiliary services, distributed microgrids, and household energy storage fastest. In addition, energy storage has also played a very good role in the charging and swapping of electric vehicles, such as light-storage electric vehicle charging and swapping stations, demand response charging, etc. Lithium battery energy storage is still in the early stage of commercialization. Due to factors such as high price and drawbacks in large-scale energy storage, there is still a certain distance from large-scale promotion and popularization.
At present, the phenomenon of "abandoning wind and light" is serious in China, and energy storage can be used for "wind and light" consumption. The auxiliary services of energy storage in the power grid are mainly manifested in power station start-stop, frequency regulation, phase regulation, emergency backup, voltage control, and line loss reduction. In 2020, the cumulative demand for energy storage in grid power ancillary services is 1.5GWH. Energy storage systems are relatively easy to commercialize for peak shaving and valley filling. In terms of commercialization promotion, the difference in electricity price between peaks and valleys in various provinces and cities is used to give full play to the cost advantage of energy storage to carry out power regulation for peak-shaving and valley-filling, and then share the benefits with customers. At the same time, on the transmission and distribution side, energy storage is used to cut peaks and fill valleys, which improves the stability of the power system.
China's communications market has entered a new period of development, showing a development trend of great integration, great change and great transformation. Since 2014, China's communication energy storage market has begun to widely use lithium batteries as energy storage base station batteries. Recently, new investment in communication base station projects also mostly use lithium batteries as backup power sources for base stations. Estimated based on the speed of domestic base station construction. In 2020, the cumulative installed market capacity of energy storage in base station backup power applications will be 23.5GWH. As the performance of lithium-ion batteries improves and the cost drops significantly, the penetration rate of lithium-ion batteries is expected to reach more than 80%. At present, in parts of the United States, Germany and Japan, distributed energy storage for industrial and commercial users and residential households will develop rapidly. From 2018 to 2020, the domestic energy storage market has experienced a demonstration application period. Driven by China's "new infrastructure" and stimulated by overseas demand markets, the energy storage battery industry has entered its initial stage, and the construction of energy storage battery demonstration application projects has accelerated. With the increased policy support for new energy storage, the establishment of a commercialization mechanism in the electricity market, the clear business model of energy storage, and the continuous decline in the cost of lithium batteries, the shipments of energy storage lithium batteries continued to rise. From 2017 to 2020, my country's energy storage lithium battery shipments increased year by year, reaching 16.2GWh in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 70.53%.
In conclusion, the energy storage battery industry is poised for continued growth and development. Advancements in technology, cost reduction, and supportive government policies are likely to drive increased adoption across various applications, including renewable energy integration, EVs, and grid stabilization.
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